White Seabass
White Seabass
Atractoscion nobilis
White weakfish, Seabass, Corvina
Seafood guides quicktabs
- Seafood Profile
- Biology & Habitat
- Science & Management
- Conservation Criteria
- Sustainability Summary
- Suppliers
Sourcing Summary
White seabass isn’t actually seabass, it’s a type of croaker known for its large size and good flavor. In addition to white seabass, the fish is marketed as white weakfish and king croaker. White seabass is sold fresh and frozen as fillets and has a firm texture with moist flakes when cooked lending itself to a lot of culinary options. Although it is available year-round, pricing is best during summer months.
Harvest Methods
Wild
Product Forms
Fresh
- Fillet
- Steaks
Frozen
- Fillet
- Steaks
Flavor
Texture
Oil
Health & Nutrition
Nutrition facts
- Calories97.00
- Total Fat2.00g
- Cholesterol41.00mg
- Sodium68.00mg
- Carbohydrates0.00g
- Protein18.00g
- 0.70g
White seabass are distinguishable by a raised ridge along the length of their belly and a continuous dorsal fin. Females generally mature at three years old and 24 inches in length, and males at two years old and 20 inches in length. The oldest reported white seabass was 27 years old, and heaviest reported was 93 pounds and five feet long. Females spawn four to five times in a season, which is typically during the summer, and can lay over one million eggs. The eggs float with the ocean current until they develop into dark-colored larvae and settle in coastal areas. Warmer ocean temperatures, such as the El Niño effect, have helped to increase the survival of young white seabass. Populations are shown to migrate northwards during these periods. Adult white seabass have a versatile diet, eating a variety of fish and invertebrates including northern anchovy, Pacific mackerel, market squid, and pelagic red crab.
White seabass primarily inhabit the coastal waters of southern California and Baja California, Mexico. They are also found in the northern Gulf of California, Monterey Bay, and can even be observed as far north as Juneau, Alaska during periods of warmer ocean temperatures. White seabass eggs are buoyant and will drift with ocean currents, settling in coastal areas. Juvenile white seabass are often located near drifting debris and algae in shallow areas just outside the surf zone while older juveniles are found in kelp beds and in protected bays usually near eelgrass beds. As white seabass mature, they can be found schooling along rocky bottoms and near kelp beds along the coast and offshore islands. Adults are also known to school several miles offshore.
- WildScience:
The California State Legislature passed a set of laws following a fishery collapse in the early 1980s, which allocated funding of aquaculture research for depleted finfish. Through this, the Ocean Resources Enhancement and Hatchery Program (OREHP) has supplemented white seabass stocks since 1986. Managed by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, OREHP has released over two million white seabass juveniles into the ocean. In order to facilitate and continue OREHP research, anglers are encouraged to freeze the head of their catch and take them to local drop-off stations for further genetic analysis.
Management:White seabass are managed by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) under the White Seabass Fishery Management Plan (WSFMP). The WSFMP was developed in 1995 in response to historic overfishing and conflict between recreational and commercial fishermen over the fishery. The Plan was adopted in 1996 by the Fish and Game Commission, but regulations to implement the plan were not adopted at that time. In accordance with the Marine Life Management Act, the CDFW revised the plan and it was formally adopted in 2002.
Each year the Southern California Fisheries Research & Management Project, in collaboration with fishery stakeholders, conducts an annual review and report of the white seabass fishery as required by the WSFMP. Additionally, each year the White Seabass Scientific and Constituent Advisory Panel meets to consider if current management measures are adequate in protecting populations. Among current management measures are:
- Established minimum size limits
- Seasonal closures to protect spawning aggregations
- Gear restrictions
- Annual harvest quotas
While there is no formal stock assessment for white seabass off of California, commercial landings have not exceeded the recommended optimal yield since the implementation of the WSFMP in 2002. U.S. vessels are not permitted to fish for white seabass in Mexican waters and the Mexican government has prohibited access permits to the U.S. commercial fleet since the early 1980s.
Impact on Stock
White seabass aggregate to spawn but overall they are inherently resilient to fishing pressure because they mature young, have high fecundity, and the stocks are protected during their primary breeding season.
The white seabass populations that inhabit the Eastern Pacific between Alaska and southern California experienced severe declines in the past and some were overfished but they are currently classified as healthy with a moderate conservation concern.
Habitat Impacts
Most white seabass are caught with drift and set gillnets. Some fishermen, primarily off the California coast, use hook-and-line gear to catch white seabass. Drift gillnets and hook-and-line gear don’t touch the seafloor so they have minimal impacts on the marine habitat. However, set gillnets have weights that get dragged over rocky habitats, which has a moderate effect on the habitat, according to the Monterey Bay Aquarium.
Bycatch
Hook-and-line gear has minimal risk of bycatch in the white seabass fishery because anything caught can easily be released, but most of the fish are caught with gillnets that can accidentally ensnare protected Pacific white sharks and marine animals such as dolphins, sea lions, and sea birds. The actual bycatch rates in this fishery are not known.
Management Effectiveness
Management of white seabass is considered effective. A fishery management plan drafted by scientists that requires an annual review was implemented in 1998 and updated in 2002. Fishery managers have maintained stock productivity, enforced regulations relating to gear, logbooks, catch size and weight, as well as seasonal and area closures, according to the Monterey Bay Aquarium.
Name | Country | State/Province |
---|---|---|
A&R Seafood Company | United States | California |
Anderson Seafoods Inc. | United States | California |
Catalina Offshore Products | United States | California |
Catanese Classic Seafood | United States | Ohio |
Central Coast Seafood | United States | California |
DiCarlo Seafood Company | United States | California |
Lusamerica Foods | United States, United States, United States | California |
Monterey Fish Market | United States | California |
Moore's Seafood Inc. | United States | California |
Orca Seafoods | Mexico | Yucatán |
Pacific Harvest Seafoods | United States | California |
Profish Ltd. | United States | District of Columbia |
Real Good Fish | United States | California |
Royal Hawaiian Seafood | United States | California |
Santa Monica Seafood, Inc. | United States | California |
Sea Forager Seafood | United States | California |
Seattle Fish Co | United States | Colorado |
Seattle Fish Company - Kansas City | United States | Missouri |
Star Fisheries Inc. | United States | California |
Wild Local Seafood Co. | United States | California |
Acknowledgements
- Seafood Watch Program
- SeafoodSource